[Comparison of single dose and three-day course of cefixime in the treatment of women with uncomplicated acute cystitis referred to health care center in Tehran]

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of single dose and three days course of cefiximein in the treatment of women with uncomplicated acute cystitis. This clinical trial was done on 70 women with uncomplicated acute cystitis referred to urologic and gynecologic clinic at Bou Ali hospital in Tehran [Iran], which were randomly divided into two groups. The first group [group A] was prescribed one 800 mg dose of cefixime and the 2[nd] group [group B] was treated with 400mg/day cefixime for 3 days. After one week and 2 week of taking the prescribed antibiotics, urine culture was analyzed. Patients with resistant urine culture to cefixime [3 in group A and 2 in group B] were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed using t-test, chi- square and exact Fisher test using SPSS-16 software. The mean [ +/- standard deviation] age of subjects was 29.97 +/- 5.65. Seventeen subjects in group A and 21 in group B were married. All subjects, excluding six [1 in group A and 5 in group B], were completely cured. However, recoveries in group A were more than group B, but there was no statistically significant difference. Single 800 mg dose of cefixime is as effective as dose of 400 mg/day for 3 days in treatment of women with uncomplicated acute cystitis

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of adults to the protective actions against sun in northwest Tehran, Iran

Wrong beliefs about risky actions such as sunbathing and tanning are common due to media advertisements or general lack of knowledge. This work has focused on the knowledge and attitude of a group of citizens in Tehran, Iran and the protective actions they take regarding undesirable effects of the sun. a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study has been conducted on 400 randomly selected individuals from the citizens of Shahrak-E-Gharb, an area in northwest Tehran. A questionnaire comprising 24 questions including demographic information, individuals' knowledge about sun exposure, and their opinions and behaviors on protective actions towards solar radiation were used to assess study objectives. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for socio-demographic factors were calculated through univariate and multivariable logistic regression. The majority of participants had good knowledge about sun protective behaviors. Knowledge about sun exposure duration and tanning was higher among women and those with higher education. As for attitude, only 15% were concerned about skin cancer and 61.8% thought skin cancer can be prevented by sun protection. Higher education was associated with a more positive attitude towards tanning. Among respondents, 41% had suitable clothing to protect themselves against sun burn and only 32% used sunscreen most of the time. University graduates had significantly better practice towards using sunscreen cream compared to high school graduates. Although our study sample possessed good knowledge towards sun protection, their attitude and practices were unsatisfactory. Thereby, they need to be informed and educated as how to be safely protected against excessive sun exposure

[Sleep quality and related factors in interns and externs of Tehran Islamic Azad university medical students]

Sleep sufficiency and quality affects medical students' academic learning and understanding. So, this study was conducted to assess sleep quality and its associated factors among medical students. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 407 medical students [269 interns and 138 externs] were chosen by a multi-stage random sampling method from five hospitals in Tehran, Iran and questioned using Sleep and Day-Time Habits Questionnaire [S and DHQ]. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic methods and Spearman correlation coefficient test. 407 medical students with mean [ +/- SD] age of 25 +/- 1.67 were studied. 257 [63.1%] and 150 [36.9] were female and male, respectively. 9.1% of students reported their sleep quality as excellent, 36.1% good, 39.3% satisfactory, 13.5% unsatisfactory and 2% poor. There was statistically significant relationship between students' sleep quality and awakening due to environmental noises, day time napping duration, uncommon bed entry time, early morning awakenings, and day time fatigue and drowsiness in class rooms [P<0.001]. This study showed that sleep disorders are prevalent among medical students, intern and extern